Blog Archive Northwestern University (Kellogg) Essay Analysis, 20192020

Blog Archive Northwestern University (Kellogg) Essay Analysis, 2019â€"2020 For this application season, the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University has kept is first essay question largely the same but updated the second to focus on applicants’ guiding principles rather than (past and future) growth. Interestingly, both of Kellogg’s essays now center on “value(s),” but in very different ways, according to two separate definitions of the term. In this way, Kellogg’s questions seem to address two key aspects of business today, and candidates will need to demonstrate their awareness of both and potential to fulfill them. For more guidance on how to interpret and approach Kelloggs essay prompts for 2019â€"2020, read on. Interested in learning how to tackle this year’s Kellogg application essay? Watch the short video below before you continue reading the full analysis! Required Essay 1: Kellogg’s purpose is to educate, equip and inspire brave leaders who create lasting value.   Provide a recent example where you have demonstrated leadership and created value. What challenges did you face, and what did you learn? (450 words) This is a fairly straightforward essay prompt, and we recommend responding in an equally straightforward manner. Launch directly into the story of your leadership experience, and detail the specific actions you took in directing others to achieve a positive result. The key here is to show you shared a valuable experience with colleagues, extracted the most from your team members, and attained a desired outcome. Although we often note that not all great leadership stories necessarily have to end in success, Kellogg’s request for evidence of “value” certainly implies that the school wants to hear about a situation that had a preferable resolution.   Note that Kellogg does not specify that the experience you share must be related to your workplace or career. Leadership does not need to have an official title attached to it, and it can be expressed in a community service or even family life setting just as much as in a workplace, so explore all the different areas of your life for possible stories. This season, Kellogg has added the qualifier “recent” to the prompt, so avoid reaching too far into your past for options here, and focus on situations that best illustrate your current capabilities and values. We recommend using a narrative approach to present your story, but be sure to also share the thought process and motivation(s) behind your actions. This way, the admissions committee will take away both a clear picture of what you accomplished and the aspects of your character that inspired you and helped enable your success. That said, the school acknowledges within the prompt that even endeavors that have a positive result are rarely smooth sailing from beginning to endâ€"hence the question about challenges faced. A mistake applicants often make in writing this kind of essay is presenting a strong narrative in which they are incredible leaders, and then near the end, making a brief (and typically disjointed) reference to a hardship or conflict encountered along the way, meant to fulfill the “challenges” element of the essay query. To be effective and believable, your ups and downs must be woven intrinsically into your narrative, rather than simply acknowledged at the end. Clearly explaining how you approached and prevailed over the challenge at hand is crucial, so go beyond simply describing the roadblock itself and ensure that you detail your response and the inner workings of your decision making at that point. Lastly, do not forget or neglect to explain what you learned from the experienceâ€"Kellogg specifically asks you to do so! And keep in mind that for your takeaways to be “meaningful,” they have to be profoundly connected to your narrative. The admissions reader should be able to easily understand the connection between the situation you describe and your subsequent learnings. Required Essay 2: Values are what guide you in your life and work. What values are important to you and how have they influenced you? (450 words) Kellogg offers another very straightforward essay question here, so not a lot of interpretation is needed. On its admissions FAQ page, the school lists “values and motivations” among the elements it seeks in candidates, so a frank query on the topic only makes sense. Kellogg wants to know how your values influence your decisions and actions, and in particular, which ones tend to guide you most often or intensely. Simply stating that you embrace certain values is easy, so the admissions committee is understandably asking for illustrations of this phenomenon to better gauge this for itself. Having an idea of how you tend to incorporate your core beliefs into your life will help the school better envision how you might fit into its classrooms and the business world after you graduate. Perhaps at the most basic level, Kellogg wants to know that you understand how values come into play in “life and work.” This final phrase seems to open the door to stories from your personal life or from your career, with no particular emphasis on either, so consider all your options to identify the most fitting and revealing one. Although in theory, describing a situation from your personal or community activities would provide a nice balance if you chose a professional story for the school’s first essay (and vice versa), what is more critical is sharing the experiences that best convey the concepts you wish to highlight. Given the 450-word maximum for this essay, you should skip or at least minimize any preamble and dive into your response, clearly identifying your selected core values and describing specific situations that illustrate them in action. Your ultimate goal is to clearly illustrate for the admissions committee how you have been (and are) guided by your fundament al beliefs. Believe us when we say that Kellogg does not have a set list of values that it expects applicants to demonstrate and that by not choosing the “right” ones, you will not be accepted to the school. As always, focus on simply being authentic and sincere and letting your true character show through. That said, we would encourage you to learn what you can about the values Kellogg students tend to display or that would likely be compatible with the Kellogg community. Contact students and alumni to get a sense of what these might be, and if you identify one or two that match some of your own, those might prove strong fodder for your essay. To clarify, we are not saying that you should claim values that are not naturally yours in a misguided attempt to impress the admissions committee, but simply consider highlighting ones that appear to be mutual. Certain applicants will respond to additional questions: 1Y applicants: Please discuss your post-MBA career goal, the current experience you will leverage to support the transition, and the Kellogg 1Y opportunities that will help you reach this goal. (250 words) JD-MBA applicants: Please discuss your post-JD-MBA career goals and why the JD-MBA Program is the right program to help you reach those goals. (250 words) MMM applicants: The five core values of the MMM Program are curiosity, creativity, empathy, open-mindedness and a learning mindset. Describe a situation in which you demonstrated one of these values. Why is this value an important part of the MMM experience for you? (250 words) Kellogg has added some notable depth and specificity to these essay prompts this year, providing a separate one for each special program. If you are applying to one of these options, you should be ready to demonstrate a great deal of intentionality. After all, you are committing to a specialized path that may require additional time and cost. With a limit of just 250 words, you have no choice but to cut to the chase. Applicants to the 1Y and JD/MBA programs must outline how the degree is necessary to achieve their particular desired outcomes and then tie those goals specifically to the Kellogg program they are targeting and its associated resources. This essay is essentially another opportunity to explain your distinct need to attend Kellogg, only here, you can focus on showcasing the non-MBA portion of your intended degree. In many ways, these prompts are asking for a typical (if brief) MBA personal statement, so we encourage you to download your free copy of the mbaMission Personal Statement Guide. This complimentary guide offers detailed advice on approaching and framing these topics, along with multiple illustrative examples. Be sure to claim your copy today. MMM applicants are, curiously, asked to discuss values yet again, only this time, the school presents the specific ones it wants candidates to choose from. Obviously, if you are applying to this program, you will need to plan out your response to this essay in conjunction with Essay 2 to ensure you do not repeat any choices or illustrative stories. Re-applicants:  Since your previous application, what steps have you taken to strengthen your candidacy? (250 word limit) Whether you have improved your academic record, received a promotion, begun a new and exciting project, increased your community involvement, or taken on some sort of personal challenge, the key to success with this essay is conveying a very deliberate path of achievement. Kellogg wants to know that you have been actively striving to improve yourself and your profile, and that you have seized opportunities during the previous year to do so, because a Kellogg MBA is vital to you. The responses to this essay question will vary greatly from one candidate to the next, because each person’s needs and experiences differ. We are more than happy to provide one-on-one assistance with this highly personal essay to ensure that your efforts over the past year are presented in the best light possible. All applicants have the opportunity to provide explanations or clarification in  Additional Information. Use this section if you think the person reviewing your application might have a few questions about one or more of your responses. This could include: Unexplained gaps in work experience Academic, GMAT or GRE performance Extenuating circumstances that we should be aware of when reviewing your application Kellogg may have rephrased and reformatted this prompt this year, but our advice for approaching it remains the same. However tempted you might be, this is  not  the place to paste in a strong essay you wrote for another school or to offer a few anecdotes that you were unable to incorporate into any of your other essays. Instead, this is your opportunity, if needed, to address any questions an admissions officer might have about your candidacy. We encourage you to download our  free  mbaMission Optional Essays Guide, in which we offer detailed advice on when and how to take advantage of the optional essay, along with multiple sample essays, to help you mitigate any problem areas in your profile. Required Video Essay: The video essay provides you with an additional opportunity to demonstrate what you will bring to our vibrant Kellogg community â€" in an interactive way. You will respond to several short video essay questions. The questions are designed to bring to life the person we have learned about on paper. After submitting your application and payment, you will be able to access the video essay through your application status page. The first question will ask you to introduce yourself to the admissions committee. Then, youll have an opportunity to describe your plans for the future and how Kellogg will help you on that journey. The remaining questions will be randomly generated and similar to interview questions. There are practice questions that you may complete as many times as you like to get comfortable with the format and technology. The practice questions and experience will simulate the actual video essay experience, so this is meant to be a useful tool to help you feel prepared. We encourage you to practice so you are comfortable with the format once it is time to complete the official questions. You will  not  have an opportunity to re-do the answer to the official video essay questions. You will have 20 seconds to think about the question and up to one minute to give your response. We estimate the video essays will take 20-25 minutes to complete â€" which includes time for set-up and answering all the practice questions. You will need an internet connected computer with a webcam, microphone and an updated version of Adobe Flash in order to complete the video essay. In a QA with several admissions representatives at our 2019 mbaMission annual conference, Kellogg’s Assistant Dean of Admissions and Financial Aid Kate Smith explained that the school’s video component sprang from the admissions committee’s desire to actually see and hear the applicants they were evaluating. Given that Kellogg’s interviews are conducted by alumni, the video is the committee’s only “live” interaction with candidates. Keep this in mind as you tackle this segment of the application, and make being authentic and natural your primary goal. Kellogg is not looking for the next viral TED Talk presenter or late-night TV host. They just want to get to know you as a unique individual who may one day join its community. So, start by taking a deep breath. We understand that these video essays can make you feel like you are being put on the spot, but Kellogg is really not trying to scare you. The admissions committee simply wants a more dynamic representation of your personality than a written essay can provide. You cannot answer any of the school’s video questions incorrectly, so do not concern yourself with trying to give the “right” answer. Just respond to each query honestly, as smoothly as you can (despite any nervousness you may be feeling), and be yourself. Thankfully, Kellogg provides some hints as to the nature of some of the questions you will encounter in the application’s video segment, so you do not have to go in totally blind.   The “introduction” question will be about a topic you know very wellâ€"you! You can think of this question as an “icebreaker,” like you might encounter when meeting someone for the first time at a party or other event. Similar questions to what you might ask each other in the process of getting acquainted are what you can very likely expect from Kellogg. Examples we can imagine are “What is your favorite book and why?,” “If you unexpectedly had 24 work-free hours, how would you spend them?,” and “If you could live anywhere in the world, where would it be and why?” Although we are going to assume that you already know yourself pretty well, these types of queries sometimes require a moment or two of thought before a clear answer can be offered. So take some time to imagine potential questions (you can even Google “icebreaker questions” to find lists of examples) and practice delving into your personality in this way.  Who knows, you might even learn something ne w about yourself in the process!   You will also need to briefly discuss your anticipated professional path and why Kellogg is the right program for you, so you must truly understand why you are choosing  it for your MBA. By that, we do not mean that you should create and memorize a laundry list of reasons. Instead, you must have a comprehensive knowledge of the school’s resources and be able to clearly and concisely express which ones are of particular importance and significance to youâ€"and why. Then, when recording your video, you will need to convey this information in a sincere and compelling way. That will not happen if you are listing facts you have simply committed to memory! (For a thorough exploration of Kellogg’s academic program, unique offerings, social life, and other key characteristics, be sure to download a free copy of the  mbaMission Insider’s Guide to the Kellogg School of Management.) You cannot expect for sure that you will be asked to describe a challenge, but do not dismiss this possibility altogether. Kellogg says that some of the questions posed will be “similar to interview questions,” and queries about past challenges are most definitely common in MBA interviews! You may wish to download a  free  copy of the  mbaMission Interview Guide, which, in addition to advice on preparing for and mastering the interview process, includes several pages of common interview questions that could be helpful in approaching your Kellogg video essays. One minute is not very long, so run through several practice sessionsâ€"perhaps in front of a mirrorâ€"to get a sense of how quickly those 60 seconds will pass when you are in front of the camera. Although you can prepare as much as you want, you get only one chance at the recording. If you stumble while answering or ultimately are unhappy with your answer, unfortunately, you cannot do anything about it. You will not be able to rerecord your responses or try again another time. This may make you nervous, but we encourage you to view the situation a little differently. Kellogg wants to get to know the  authentic  you through these video essays. If you fumble for words or lose your train of thought, just laugh or shrug and continue with your response. Accepting a mistake with a sense of humor and grace will give the admissions committee a more positive and natural impression of your personality than rigid scripting and overpreparation ever could. The Next Stepâ€"Mastering Your Kellogg Interview: Many MBA candidates find admissions interviews stressful and intimidating, but mastering this important element of the application process is definitely possibleâ€"the key is informed preparation. And to help you develop this high level of preparation, we offer our  free Interview Primers! Download your free copy of the  Northwestern Kellogg Interview Primer  today. Share ThisTweet 2019-2020 MBA Essay Analysis Northwestern University (Kellogg)

Causes, Effects and Solutions to the Eradicating of...

Is Functional Literacy a Prerequisite for Entering the Labor Market? An Analysis of the Determinants of Adult Literacy and Earnings in Ghana Niels-Hugo Blunch and Dorte Verner Working Paper 00-05 April 2000 Published by Centre for Labour Market and Social Research Universitetsparken, Building 350 8000Aarhus C, Denmark Editor: Peder J. Pedersen Copyrights: Niels-Hugo Blunch and Dorte Verner ISSN 0908-8962 Is Functional Literacy a Prerequisite for Entering the Labor Market? An Analysis of the Determinants of Adult Literacy and Earnings in Ghana Niels-Hugo Blunch The George Washington University and World Bank Dorte Verner World Bank JEL Classifications: I21, J31, O12 Keywords: functional literacy, earnings determinants, Ghana,†¦show more content†¦Alternatively, it could suggest that education is not serving as a signaling device in Ghana. Functional literacy affects selection into the labor market. In developing countries, jobs are rationed (that is, demand-side determined). We therefore interpret this result to indicate that functional literacy is a prerequisite for entering the labor market. This interpretation may partly explain the lack of returns to education. 2 The policy implications of these results are that greater efforts should be devoted to developing functional literacy skills and basic education. Policymakers should aim to increase both the supply and the quality of basic education and literacy programs. Basic education and literacy programs should target females and poorer households, especially in rural areas. The article is organized as follows. Section 2 describes changes in and determinants of literacy. Section 3 describes the Ghanaian economy. Section 4 presents the economic model and the econometric methodology underlying the analysis. Section 5 presents the data and descriptive statistics, and section 6 presents the regression analysis. Section 7 summarizes the article’s findings and draws policy conclusions. 2. 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Veteran Essay Example

During the study, pupils and students are faced with tasks that require them to write an essay on required themes. Veteran Essay Example considers that a notion veteran for the most time is associated with wars and advanced age, which is true but only partially. Veteran Essay Example provides an information about who are veterans and why do we have to honor them. To begin with, it is a matter of importance to understand who is a veteran. The first association with veteran is a war, therefore it means that a veteran is a person who took part in combats and was injured. This association is true, but at the same time, it is not a complete explanation of definition veteran. According to the federal law of the United States, a veteran is every person who served for any period in any military service branch. On the basis of this definition, a veteran could be a war veteran and a combat veteran. A war veteran could be a person, who is ordered to directly participate against an enemy on his or her lands, or who is ordered to be supporting force against an enemy. A combat veteran depends on when and where did he or she served. Unfortunately, not all people, who took part in military service consider themselves as veterans due to the fact that they did not participate in war or combat and did not get an injury during service. At the same time, not ever y acknowledged veteran has a medal due to which civilians recognize veterans as veterans themselves. Some people might think about why they have to honor veterans, even if they have never seen a war. The answer on this thoughts lies upon persons ethical view, and every person must decide for oneself. Nevertheless, apart from this, we have to honor veterans due to the fact that they protected in past or are protecting right now our daily quiet life. Due to their sacrifices and the military service, we have never seen a war, that could take away our relatives and closest friends, or have never been directly affected. We are able to live without fear for our lives and can achieve our life goals. Men and women who just serve in the army, in every moment could be called to active military service in case if a war would be launched. Besides, it is important to remember about veterans and their sacrifices not only during the designated days such as Veterans Day. In case if thoughts about honoring veterans would occur to you, remember that peace has a high price even if those, who paid it, do not see a war. The could be injured at any time and then live all their lives with PTSD and be afraid of any loud sound. It is important to notice the importance of veterans before any war forces us to do it. Any veterans despite their status are worth to be honored. References Dolasia, M. (2013, November 10). Why We Celebrate Veterans Day. Retrieved from http://www.dogonews.com/2013/11/11/why-we-celebrate-veterans-day Fantz, A. (2014, November 11). 5 ways to honor veterans beyond Veterans Day. Retrieved from http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/10/living/veterans-day-five-ways-to-help/ Kaplan, L. C. (2004). Veterans day. New York: PowerKids. Klay, P. (2016, July 18). Don’t Confuse Veterans and Violence. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/19/opinion/dont-confuse-veterans-and-violence.html?rref=collection/timestopic/Veterans Puntillo, T. (2013, March 16). Who qualifies as a veteran, anyway?. http://www.dailyrepublic.com/opinion/localopinioncolumnists/who-qualifies-as-a-veteran-anyway/

Video Games And Its Effects On Society - 1632 Words

Technology is a large part of modern society, especially in industrial society. Depending on who you ask, people are either in favour of the advancement in technology or some are against its progression arguing that people have become too reliant. Cellphones are one of the main forms of technology that people talk about most, questioning whether they are a good thing or bad. Many people are also concerned with the advancement in video games, worrying that video games are the cause of crime and violence. What hasn’t been talked about much is the progression in cloning and the growing of human organs in pigs, whether this technology could be considered positive or negative is debatable but there are also ethical concerns to consider. Finally†¦show more content†¦Cells phones have become a part of everyday life, no one leaves home without theirs. The progression with the technology has some people questioning whether cell phones are good and useful or if they have become a dangerous progress trap. The main concern with cell phones is the ability to multitask while using one. Driving while using a cell phone is now illegal and if anyone is caught they get a ticket. Research has been done about the ability to multitask and it has been found that when crossing a busy street the person talking on the phone had a slower reaction time than someone who wasn’t using their phone at all. Even the person who just had their headphones in listening to music while crossing the street had a faster reaction time than the one talking on their phone, but they were still slower than the person who wasn’t using their phone. Cell phones also help people stay in direct contact with friends, family and even people from around the world through texting, video chat like Facetime and Skype, and social apps. These aspects of socialization are not directly negative but people are arguing that it is causing youth to become less social with the people around them. An example of this argument would be when people see a group of youth and see that even though they may be out with each other they are still on their phones texting someone else, browsing Facebook or Twitter and not talking to the friends around them. While this argument is valid, people might

Global Entrepreneurship Cooler Jacket

Question: Discuss about theGlobal Entrepreneurship for Cooler Jacket. Answer: The Innovative Product: The proposed product is a Cooler Jacket. The jacket will have coolant material like ethylene glycol that will give a cool feeling to the one wearing it. Similar kind of jackets are available for the soldiers of some countries like India where the soldiers to perform their duty under high temperature (Shirish et al. 2016). These jackets provide a little relief to them. However, no such outfits are available for others. Therefore, such an innovative product designed for both men and women could be a good and innovative product in the market of Taiwan. Reason of Developing the Product: Taiwan has tropical climate where the summers are dry and warm. In winter as well, the temperature does not fall much (Lin et al. 2014). Both men and women of the region are fashionable and have affinity towards trendy clothes and accessories (Wu et al. 2015). Therefore, a product that will serve both the purpose of relief from scorching heat of the climate and as a trendy outfit shall have great acceptability among the people. Way of Developing the Product: The jackets can be manufactured at the home country and then they could be transported to Taiwan. The jackets could be supplied in the malls and shops where garments and accessories of various brands are available. On the other hand, a manufacturing unit can also be opened in Taiwan where the jackets could be manufactured and supplied to different stores. This will also reduce the manufacturing cost by certain percentage (Froud et al. 2014). References: Froud, J., Johal, S., Leaver, A. and Williams, K., 2014. Financialization across the Pacific: Manufacturing cost ratios, supply chains and power.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,25(1), pp.46-57. Lin, C.Y., Chua, Y.J., Hsu, H.H., Cheng, C.T. and Lin, Y.Y., 2014, May. Altitudinal and latitudinal dependence of future warming in an island of multi climate zones: Taiwan as an example. InEGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts(Vol. 16, p. 1442). Shirish, A., Kapadia, V., Kumar, S., Kumar, S., Mishra, S. and Singh, G., 2016. Effectiveness of a cooling jacket with reference to physiological responses in iron foundry workers.International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics, pp.1-7. Wu, M.S.S., Chaney, I., Chen, C.H.S., Nguyen, B. and Melewar, T.C., 2015. Luxury fashion brands: factors influencing young female consumers luxury fashion purchasing in Taiwan.Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal,18(3), pp.298-319.

Republican Presidents Theodore Roosevelt Taft

Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt was the 26th president of the United State having assumed power after the Assassination of the incumbent president William McKinley (Harbaugh 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Republican Presidents Theodore Roosevelt Taft specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He was born in 1858 to a wealth New York family, but this did not prevent him from ordinary struggles such as ill health. His rise to the presidency was unexpected, but his leadership skills were not in doubt. Some of the offices he held before the presidency included Assistant Navy secretary, Rough Rider’s colonel, New York Governor, New York assembly man and the US vice president. Theodore Roosevelt won the 1901 presidential elections by a landslide victory. His immediate reaction was, â€Å"I am no longer a political accident† (White House 2). His years in presidency were markedly full of energy as reports indicate he thought himself as an appointed â€Å"steward of the people†. This meant that his actions were guided by whatever he considered fit for the ordinary American citizens. For this reason, he went down in history as among the presidents who led congress through rigorous domestic reforms as well as through the adoption of stronger foreign policies. He assumed power at a time when the US had taken up its first overseas empire and as a result, he and his government had to formulate policies that would protect that empire. One of the successful ways that he accomplished this was by strengthening the country’s army and the navy (O’Brien 349). These would be his government’s tools for bullying other countries into submission. Using the same tools, he was able to obtain land to build the Panama Canal, and also managed to keep other countries from interfering in issues that took place in the western hemisphere as well as in Latin America. His actions as well as his utterances put the entire world on notice that indeed the US was attaining the world power status. The only restrictions to how much reforms T Roosevelt could carry out was the constitution. Defending his actions latter after his presidency, he stated that, â€Å"I did not usurp power, but I did greatly broaden the use of executive power† (Whitehouse (a) 2).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On assuming power in 1901 at only 42 years old, Roosevelt had indicated that he would carry on with some of McKinley’s Policies. However, he also made it clear that he would seek to establish a legacy as an independent president (O’Brien et al 349). And so he set out to work as the president of the United States consequently becoming known as one of the vigorous presidents that the country had ever had. Consequently, he was well loved by the American people. Roosevelt endeared himself to the people by embracing the progressivism reform movement that many of his country men had embraced. He was also a president who preached peace, social change and morality. When dealing with economic policies and politics, Roosevelt retained a non-radical stance thus allowing as many people to voice their opinions on what ought to have been done in politics and economic matters (O’Brien et al. 349). T Roosevelt’s favorite phrase as state by the White House Website was â€Å"Speak softly but carry a big stick†, which has been translated to mean that the power of persuasion can help America achieve much both within its borders and internationally. To the ordinary American, T Roosevelt was a dream president who not only considered the interests of workers, business people and farmers in pushing for reform. To the giant corporations operating in the country at the time, T Roosevelt was like a bad dream come true especially because he pushed for m ore government regulation on them, eventually leading to the creation of anti-trust laws. This meant that the corporations which could not toe the regulations could easily be dissolved. In 1902 for example, just a year after he was elected president, he directed the justice system to use the Sherman anti-trust laws to challenge the Railroad monopoly held by the Northern Securities Company. This led to the dissolution of the railroad monopoly, which was jointly owned by some wealthy business men. Due to his actions against the monopolies, he earned the reputation of a trust buster (O’Brien 349). In his first State of the Union address, soon after taking over power, T Roosevelt stated that he was quite sire that most Americans were convinced that trusts, which were the big corporations had specific features and operational tendencies that hurt the general welfare of other people in the society (Roosevelt 16). He explained that the need to regulate the trusts was not motivated b y personal envy. Nor was a lack of pride in the achievement that some of the corporations had attained. Rather, he stated that he was deeply convicted that â€Å"Combination and concentration should be, not prohibited, but supervised and within reasonable limits controlled†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Roosevelt 16). Considering that the big businesses at that time were considered to engage in cunning business practices that did not work harmoniously with other American businesses.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Republican Presidents Theodore Roosevelt Taft specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Domestic policies During his time, T Roosevelt also pushed for the Bureau of Corporations, which was meant to investigate the operations of interstate Corporations. His actions then were triggered by the extended coal strike that affected the whole country. His intervention in the strike was good news for the workers, since their employer s were able to allow then a favorable settlement. To avoid similar strikes in the labor market, Roosevelt recommended the establishment of the Bureau of Corporations. During this time, he also voiced his support for conservation of America’s coal deposits, rivers, lakes and natural forests (O’Brien et al. 349). He also saw to it that the regulations on railroads were strengthened as well as regulations regarding drugs and food industries. What is revered as Roosevelt’s significant achievement during his years as president was however the â€Å"transfer of 125 million areas of public land into forest reserves† (Harbaugh 4). As a result of Roosevelt’s actions, 51 wildlife sanctuaries were established, 16 national monuments constructed and national parks through out the country doubled. Overall, T Roosevelt’s domestic policy revolved around promoting reforms in the civil service and the country labor. He went down in history as the president wh o took the plight of workers at heart especially after realizing the appalling working and living conditions they were exposed to. He also discontinued the greedy practices of greedy businesspeople much to their chagrin (5). As a result, he earned a name for himself as the agitator for the rights of the ordinary Americans and a president who acted against the special interest of the wealthy and often greedy people. According to Tindall Shi, T Roosevelt was also responsible for involving government in social welfare where the poor too were to be assisted to some extent by government in their day to day living (717). His dedication to the creation of a better civil service and his interest in eliminating corruption in government culminated in his support of the Pendleton Act, which sought to replace political appointment with a merit-based system, which would ensure that only people qualified to handle government jobs would be appointed to the positions. During his time, Roosevelt us ed every possible allowance in the constitution to extend the executive powers. As a result, Tindall Shi notes that he was able to correct the deficiency in power that had existed in the executive branch of governance since the country gained independence (717). This is also believed to be the reason that he was able to achieve so many reforms in the country.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More T Roosevelt’s accomplishments during the first term led to a successful re-election in 1904 defeating the democratic candidate by a wide margin. In his second term, he continued pushing for reforms among which was the square deal. He however faced opposition in congress as most members therein felt that Roosevelt’s stand against the wealthy and often powerful business people was unwarranted (O’Brien 350). Some of his accomplishments in the second term included the enactment of the Hepburn Act, which empowered the interstate commerce commission to enforce regulations on rail services and rates. He also saw to the enactment of the â€Å"Pure Food and Drug Act† as well as the â€Å"Meat Inspection Act†. The Hepburn Act Morris (446) states that â€Å"The enactment of this Act epitomes the realization of one of Roosevelt’s main goal in power: regulating the railroad†. The bill had received such an overwhelming support in Congress that only votes were cast against it). As stated by Morris, â€Å" In the Act, Interstate Commerce Commission was given the mandate to set maximum rates (which had to meet the ‘just and reasonable’ criteria) to be used on the railroads, and was also given the authority to discontinue the free passes that had been issued to people considered loyal shippers† (446). The Pure Food and Drug Act This act was passed by congress in 1906 and sought to regulate opiate addiction in the country by requiring all drugs that contained opium in their ingredients to state so on their labels (Acts, bills and laws 1). This was done in the wake of heightened awareness about risks posed by careless food and drug preparations, which were increasing drug addictions in the American society. Though this was not a Roosevelt an entirely Roosevelt initiative, the president, just like other members of the Congress saw sense in the evidenced presented to them by one doctor Harvey Wiley, who had found out that harmful preservatives had been used previously by meat-packers. There was also evidence that patent medicines were heightening drug addiction among deliberate drug users as well as unsuspecting Americans (Acts, Bills and Laws 1). With the enactment of the Act, the â€Å"Food and Drug Administration† was established and given the responsibility of ensuring that all drugs and food items were adequately tested and certified as fit for human consumption. Further, the Act required patients to have written prescriptions from certified physicians before any drug store could sell them specific drugs. More to this, the manufacturer of â€Å"habit-forming† drugs was required by law to label their drugs appropriately so as to ensure that any consumer of the same had the full knowledge of the drug’s ingredients (Acts, Bills and Laws 3). Though lawmakers in Congress were initially reluctant, ‘Acts, Bills and Laws’ reports that the involvement of Rooseve lt, who was repulsed by the practices used in some slaughterhouses across America helped to overcome some of the reluctance held by the members of congress (4). Meat Inspection Act This act was enacted in 1906 at the height of an uproar created by Upton Sinclair’s book the Jungle which described the disgusting conditions and methods used by meat packers when packing meat and other foods items. In his book, Sinclair had stated that canned beef could very well be from sick cattle, while improper labeling led to consumers getting different contents from what they labeled can stated. â€Å"A can of beef might contain meat from sick cattle. Ground rats and even rat dung might find its way into sausage. Often no chicken was in cans that were labeled as ‘canned chicken’† (McPherson 83). On enactment, the Meat Inspection Act required the department of agriculture to carry thorough inspections on all livestock intended for human consumption before they could finall y be released to slaughterhouses. The Act also sought to ensure that the slaughtering and processing of meat and poultry products was done in hygienic conditions. More to this, the Act made the postmortem inspection of all carcasses a mandatory procedure in all slaughterhouses. The manufacturers also had to ensure that their products were properly branded under the new act in order to avoid misleading consumers. Panama Canal McPherson (83) indicates that â€Å"having used the increased US dominance to acquire land where the Panama Canal would be constructed, president T Roosevelt had started the construction project in 1903 and carried on with the same during his second term†. Still McPherson states that â€Å"the project was borne by the need to create a connection route between the Pacific and the Atlantic oceans† (92). Also stated by Tindall Shi is that â€Å"In 1906, T Roosevelt won the Nobel peace Prize for his significant contribution in mediating the Russo-Jap anese War† (717). His efforts contributed to the eventual end of the war. More to this, T Roosevelt also advocated for the enactment of the â€Å"gentleman’s agreement†, an agreement between Japan and the United States, which sought to curb the immigration of Japanese nationals to the United States. Conclusion T Roosevelt was not only a president who had the interest of the American people at heart, he was also a charismatic person who held virtues such as integrity and morality in a high pedestal. Some of his personal principles made the congress resent him, but the support he enjoyed from the American people always ensured that he was in the good books of the electorate. His persuasion skills and his good relations with the press also ensured that he got the public support that was needed to pressurize even the reluctant Congress to establish laws that were favorable to the American citizens. His main weakness is however identified as his lack of consistency in collaborating with Congress (Tindall Shi 717). This jeopardized his ability to enforce as many changes in governance as he would have wished. President William H. Taft William Taft took over from T Roosevelt in 1908. Consequently, he became the 27th US president. The support he received from the popular T Roosevelt pushed him to power on a republican ticket, and political analysts state that his bid for presidency was almost too easy especially because he was riding on the support he received from people who supported T Roosevelt. Four years later when T Roosevelt could not support him due to ideological differences, Taft did not succeed in his re-election bid. In his short stay in office however, Taft had his own policies, promises and beliefs despite having come to power on the promise to carry on the reforms that T Roosevelt had started. In Addition to trust-busting, supporting the Roosevelt established Interstate Commerce Commission and reforming the civil service, Taft sough to improve the operations of the American Postal service. It was also during his tenure that the sixteenth amendment. According to the white house website, Taft was a distinguished jurist before running for president and also an effective administrator. However, he failed the test of being a good president because he did not know how to handle the wars in his government (1). He especially did not know how to handle the battles going on between the conservative politician and the progressives. As a result, he got little or no credit for the achievements that the government made during this regime. Writing later about the campaigns that led him to the presidency, Taft stated that the campaign period was â€Å"one of the most uncomfortable four months of my life† (Benson 69; Whitehouse (a) 4). On taking on power, he was not as intent as Roosevelt in stretching presidential powers. Most notably, his legal background made him a believer in the constitution and thus he thought pres ident should strictly stick to the powers clearly provided by the constitution. Anti-trust laws Among his notable achievements as a president was the initiation of 80 anti-trust laws, which were obviously a continuation of trust-busting that Roosevelt had started (Whitehouse (a) 6). The number of anti-trust suits that were instigates under his regime was twice as many compared to Roosevelt’s two terms in office (United States History 2). â€Å"Some of the major victories that his government had won included the suit against the American Tobacco Company and the Standard Oil† (United States History 5). When his regime instituted a suit against US steel and Morgan however, former president Roosevelt criticized Taft stating that he lacked the knowledge on what trusts to bust, and the trusts that were toeing the regulation and hence deserved being left alone. According to the United States History website, Taft reconsidered the trust-busting tendencies of his regime since 1 911 (3). This was partly motivated by advice he received from his friends and the fact that he thought busting the large corporations was reflecting negative on the country’s economy. This was not however before he had started government regulation on the booming telegraph and telephone sectors (History central 6). Tax reforms In the 1908 campaigns, Taft had promised that his government would institute tax reforms in the country (United States History 4). On assuming office, Taft seemed to have a deliberate effort to pursue the same (Randolph 6). However, he lacked the energy needed to fight for this promise and when the Payne-Aldrich Tariff was introduced, he accepted the same. In the midst of all this, interests groups against the tariff reduction waged a counter-war against congress’s action managing to raise their tariffs on specific items. The Payne-Aldrich tariff was a response by senate on tariff reduction. The author of the bill was a multi-billionaire senator who had every intention to ensure that the tariffs were not revised downwards. As a result, the bill not only lowered few tariffs, but also increased many rates (Rumsch 34). History Central records that although Taft had made a commitment to the American people about lowering the tariffs, his wishes was swept away by congress when only a five percent tariff reduction margin was passed by congress. More specifically, congress reduced the average tariffs from 46 percent to 41 percent. Overall, tariffs of 650 items were lowered, while the same on 220 items were raised, while another 1,150 items had no tariff revisions whatsoever. During his regime, members of congress passed amendments that recommended senators to be directly elected by the people during national elections. Taft reported signed the bill stating that the tariffs therein were better than the previous learning. Postal reforms Taft’s regime was also responsible for establishing a savings system under the postal serv ices (United States History (a) 10). Under the new reforms, which stretched to other areas of the civil service, postmasters and other civil servants were given security of tenure. Before these reforms, civil servants would usually be laid off at the end of every administrative term. Further, the Interstate Commerce Commission, whose re-alignment had started in the Roosevelt regime, was further directed to ensure that all railroad rates were set at affordable and considerate rates. Dollar Diplomacy The Dollar Diplomacy was Taft’s initiation and epitomized his unique way of handling foreign policy (History Central 7). His approach was activist in nature often using the military for its might in the promotion of American interests oversees. When questioned about the same, he stated that it was not only a good policy, but also an extension of what president Monroe had successfully used. In this type of diplomacy, dollars were exchanged with bullets whenever the country had an in terest (Colleta 186).. He also used this a means through which the United States could invest in the infrastructure of developing countries in Asia and Latin America thus building the American relations with the beneficiary countries. According to History Central however, Taft was a major believer that international disputes were best solved through arbitration. His regime however never faced major international conflict. He however ordered the marines to intervene in Nicaragua. Amid internal government disputes, Taft had sent the US marines to Nicaragua in order to protect the American interests and properties therein. This was to be the first among many American interventions in the country. Conservation policies seemed to take a back seat in the Taft administration. According to History Central, the major disappointment under Taft’s administration was the appointment of Richard Ballinger to hear the Interior department. Ballinger was one of Roosevelt’s critics and w as especially against the conservation efforts by the former regime that has seen to the moving of public land as reserve. This meant that he had every intention to open up the land which Roosevelt had put under reserves to people interested in using it for commercial purposes. Ballinger’s action led to a controversy between him and Louis Glavis, who was an employee in the Interior government and a supporter of Roosevelt’s long-time friend Gifford Pichot. This was the infamous Ballinger-Pinchot controversy that arose because the former argued that Ballinger was wrong in opening the coal fields in Alaska to private miners (United States History (c) 2). While an investigation conducted on the matter exonerated Ballinger of any wrongdoing, and in fact upheld his decision on opening the Alaska mines, the controversy really never ended in the public eyes and was in fact thought to have contributed to the withdrawal of support by Roosevelt on Taft’s administration and re-election. This was further complicated by the sacking of Pichot. ICC In business regulation, United States History notes that Taft succeeded in urging Congress to enhance ICC’s powers. This was through Mann-Elkins Act which was enacted in 1910. Under the new ACT, the ICC was given the mandate of suspending or fixing railroad rates as the organization saw fit. The ICC mandate was also extended to control telegraphs, telephones and radio transmission. Under the act, the commerce commission that would operate interstate was also established to handle all matters rising from the ICC (United States History (a) 7). Taft’s administration also undertook executive reform whereby the departments of commerce and labor which were previously joined were separated. This was in response to continuing complexity and intensity of labor issues catching the administration’s attention (United States History (a) 8). Constitutional reforms Constitutional reforms were the next big thing for the Taft administration. The president was in the fore front of efforts to ratify the 16th amendment, which would authorize federal income taxes. The amendment had received support from unlikely quotas, mainly comprising of people who supported tax reforms (United States History (a) 8). They argued that the ratification of the 16 amendment was necessary of the president’s promise of revising tariffs downwards was to become a reality. As noted elsewhere in this essay, the Taft administration recommended the direct election of Senators. This was legally entrenched in the constitution through the 17th amendment which received direct support from President Taft. Under Taft’s regime, Arizona and New Mexico finally joined the Union (United States History (b) 9). Though the president had initially put a veto on state bills presented to him, his contention was mainly because the bill required that judges could be recalled under the state constitutions. To appease th e president, the drafters of this bill had to remove the judges recall provision. When this was done, Taft finally gave his consent thus allowing the two states (Arizona and New Mexico) to formally become part of the Union. Congressional reforms There were also congressional reforms that took place under Taft’s watch. However, as noted elsewhere in this essay, the president was overwhelmed by the in-fighting in congress and hence could not take all the credit for all the achievements. Most notably also is the fact that a lot of congressional reform came straight from congress itself and not from the executive. This then suggests that Taft was not as vibrant in enhancing congressional reform. According to United States History (a), the Congress led congressional reforms were mainly as a result of the conduct of Joseph Cannon who was the sitting speaker at the time (10). He was notorious for thwarting all reforms brought to the house by congress men. Further, he has the powers to appoint people to lead congress committees. Furious about Cannon’s conduct, Congressmen under the leadership of George Norris mobilized efforts to change how congress conducted its business. With majority members supporting such changes, they managed to force the speaker into submission. Among the changes instituted included taking the power to appoint committee members from the speaker and granting it to congressmen. The changes also enhanced the powers of house committees. Overall, Howard Taft is perceived by analyst as a president who relied more on judicial administration rather than activism to lead the country (Miller Center of public affairs 6). His propensity to think over things before implementing decisions made many people perceive him as not only an indecisive president, but also an ineffectual president. This means that his presidency was largely seen as a failure despite having had some admirable achievements during the single term. His worst reaction came to the fore when he faced criticism from Roosevelt and his friends especially after reneging on some of the conservation gains attained in the former regime. When this happened, Miller Center of Public Affairs observes that Taft gave up on trust-busting activities and recoiled to a conservatism position (6). Of essence was hi reluctance to use federal authority granted to the president to enact the 15th amendment, which would have give African-Americans equal rights to participate in general elections (Colleta 28). This failure by Taft that the government carried on with voting requirements that locked American citizens of African origin from the electioneering process. Colleta (28) states that; during his regime, lynching was a common practice by the white population especially residing in the South†. The main targets for this practice were the black community. While the president was fully aware of this, he did nothing to stop it. Whenever his believes were tested however, Taf t always stood for what he believed was true. Colleta continue to indicate that â€Å"Taft had always supported free immigration and hence when a law that restricted immigration to the United States based on one’s literacy test was passed by Congress, Taft failed to assent it stating that it would inhibit free immigration† (42). Conclusion Taft had his fair share of successes. Among his dominant accomplishment were in trust-busting activities, reforms in the civil service and in the rail road reform. He however palled in comparison with Theodore Roosevelt. Unfortunately, the American public seemed to gauge his accomplishments based in Roosevelt’s character. In reality, the two presidents were very distinct. Roosevelt was blunt, daring, confrontation and likeable to the people. More so, he knew how to mobilize support for his policies and he was always ready to confront his opponents. Taft on the other hand was the extreme opposite of Roosevelt both in personalit y and in his approach to governance. He not only had a bland personality that neither appealed to congressmen, but was also unappealing to the American people. He also avoided controversies and believed in toeing the law as stated in the constitution. This explains why he did not approve of Roosevelt mode of governance where executive powers were extended. As a result of his demeanor, he was not a people’s favorite as was the case with Roosevelt. He however had his accomplishment, which were blotted by his personality traits, and failures in his regime which included failing to meet the tariff promises made during his presidential campaigns and his affront on conservation issues when he allowed coal mines in Alaska to be re-opened for use by private minors. Works Cited Acts, Bills and Laws. 1906-The Theodore Roosevelt Administration. Pure Food and Drug Act. N.d. May 13, 2010. http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h917.html Benson, Michael. William H. Taft. New York: Twenty-First C entury Books, 2004. Print. Coletta, Paolo, Enrico. Presidency of William Howard Taft. Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 1973. Print Harbaugh, William. Theodore Roosevelt. Dec. 1996. 13 May 2010. http://www.history.com/topics/theodore-roosevelt History Central. William H. Taft. Dec. 2000. 14 may 2010. http://www.historycentral.com/bio/presidents/taft.html Mcpherson, Stephanie. Theodore Roosevelt. Breckenridge, CO: Twenty-First Century Books, 1972. Print Miller Center of Public Affairs. William Howard Taft (1857-1930): A life in Brief. Jan. 2010. 14 May, 2010. http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/taft/essays/biography/1 Morris, Edmund. Theodore Rex. New York: Random House, 2001. Print. O’Brien, Steven, McQuire, Paula McPherso, James. American Political leaders: from Colonial times to the present. Berlin: Verlag fà ¼r die Deutsche Wirtschaft AG, 1991. Print. Randolph, Ryan. How to draw the life and times of William Howard Taft. New York: The Rosen Publishing Gr oup, 2006. Print Roosevelt, Theodore. State of the Union Address. Charleston, SC: BiblioBazaar, 2008. Print. Rumsch, BreAnn. William Taft. New Jersey: ABDO Group, 2009. Print. The White House (a). 26. Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909. N.d. 13 May, 2010. http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/theodoreroosevelt The White House (b). 27. William H. Taft 1909-1913. N.d. 14 May 2010. http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/williamhowardtaft Tindall, George Shi, David. America: A narrative History. New York: W.W. Norton, 2004. Print United States History (a). Taft and Domestic Policy. Sept. 2009. 14 May 2010. http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h992.html United States History (b). Tariff of 1909. Sept. 2009. 14 May 2009. http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h883.html United States History (c). Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy. Sept. 2009. 14 May 2009. http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h985.html This essay on Republican Presidents Theodore Roosevelt Taft was written and submitted by user David Maldonado to help you with your own studies. 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East Asia essays

East Asia essays During the years between 1000 and 1400 the East Asian region saw extensive change and development concerning the nature of the elites that ruled respective countries. In China there was the growth of the examination culture, Japan experienced the emergence of the Samurai, Korea saw the growth of the Yangban, and Vietnam became content with a tribute system to China. Each of the respective countries grew and developed independently and for the most part were able to distance themselves from China and begin to form their own national identity along with their own system of ruling elites. In China there is a definite beginning to the new political elite which stems from the transition from the Tang to Song dynasties culminating in 960. The Zhao Brothers, who are the leaders of the revolution and the only ones able to consolidate power, know that they are only military strong men and realize that they need a system that will help prevent them from loosing power. As a result they look away from the landed aristocracy, that had previously ruled China and in the fighting has been greatly weakened, and focus their attention on creating a new political structure to develop government officials. The Zhao brothers institute the Confucian Examination System (CES), which no longer relies on recommendation but is merit based. The provincial exams are held every three years, with the number of people passing the final exam (Jinshi) being around 100-150 out of the original 100,000. Around this examination system there was now a rise of a new elite, the Literati. With the b eginning of the CES there began a steady decline of military power in China and the emergence of the Literati. During the Mongol invasion the exams were stopped, which led to cultural development of the Literati because they had no political power with the Mongols, but with the re-institution of the exams by the Mongols in 1313 the Literati again begins once again a...